I've got masses of work to do but I'm also a chronic procrastinator so... I had a quick look at
USADA's website and as far as I can see, since 2020, nine US athletes have been banned for three whereabouts failures. The bans in this period range in length from one to three years. Moldauer is the only one to have a 16-month ban. Decathlete Garrett Scantling (who competed at the Tokyo Olympics) received a three-year ban because during the investigation into his third whereabouts failures he was found to have faked an email he was using as part of his defence. Of the rest, two athletes had 18-month bans (including a wrestler whose case was released three days before Moldauer's), two have 14 months and the rest have 12 months.
Unlike
their UK equivalent, USADA doesn't appear to publish their full report into each violation - we just get to see a similarly worded
press release for each one. However each of said press releases states that "the period of ineligibility for Whereabouts rule violations ranges from one year to two years depending on the athlete’s degree of fault" and that "In this case, USADA determined that a [X] period of ineligibility was appropriate
given the athlete’s degree of fault based on the unique circumstances of the case." (my emphasis).
So I think it's important to recognise that Moldauer hasn't simply been slapped with an off-the-shelf automatic penalty. Someone at USADA has looked at the facts of his case (which may or may not align with what he's chosen to say himself in public), considered his explanation, and decided that his actions warranted a penalty that sits at the lower end of the range of possible sanctions, but is still slightly longer than the average for this offence. Read into that whatever you want.